The adjective describes a thing, As magic wand or bridal ring. Adjective Most verbs mean action, something done, Verb To read and write, to jump and run. How things are done the adverbs tell, As quickly, slowly, badly, well. Conjunctions join, in many ways, Sentences, words, or phrase and phrase. Interjection Conjunction An exclamation point must follow me!
Come here! Tom and I are good friends. Then write the correct letter in the space above them. Exercise 2 Look at the signs on the left. Can you find the mistakes? Write the names correctly. Common nouns are words for people, animals, places, or things. These are words for people.
They are common nouns. Put each word under its correct heading. They always begin with a capital letter. Sunday is the first day of the week. Mount means mountain. It is often used in the names of mountains. For example: Mount Everest Mount St. Helens The written short form for Mount is Mt.
For example: Mt. Everest, Mt. Lee is reading a book. Exercise 2 Look at the words in the box. Which ones are common nouns and which ones are proper nouns? Circle the nouns that should not be capitalized. When you are talking about one person, animal, place, or thing, use a singular noun. For example, use a not an before these words that begin with u: a uniform a university 4 Use a before words beginning with the other letters of the alphabet, called consonants.
Most nouns are made plural by adding -s at the end. In that case, add -s to form the plural. Singular Plural Singular Plural calf calves loaf loaves v es f elf elves shelf shelves half halves thief thieves leaf leaves wolf wolves m ar H am f s Gr elp Often nouns that end in -f, just need -s to form the plural.
Singular Plural Singular Plural chef chefs handkerchief handkerchiefs chief chiefs roof roofs cliff cliffs sheriff sheriffs For some words that end in -f, the plural can be spelled in two different ways.
Singular Plural s dwarf dwarfs or dwarves f hoof hoofs or hooves ves scarf scarfs or scarves With some words that end in -fe, you change f to v, and add -s.
Singular Plural f knife knives life lives v e s wife wives you kn id o D But you only add -s to giraffe to form the w? Word File Singular Plural a tomato tomatoes a flamingo a potato potatoes flamingoes a hero heroes m m ar H a Gr elp With some nouns that end in -o, you can add either -s or -es to form the plural.
Instead, the word changes form. Do you know which ones are singular and which are plural? Singular Plural word pencils books fan hat children kites people crab foxes Exercise 2 Do you add -s or -es to these singular nouns to make them plural?
Write your answers on the lines. Write your anwers. Singular Plural Singular Plural 1 key 6 toy 2 city 7 baby 3 butterfly 8 party 4 monkey 9 chimney 5 fly 10 lady Exercise 4 All these singular nouns end with -o.
Add either -s or -es as you write the plurals on the line. These are nouns for groups of people. For example: My family was happy to see me. Write the correct collective noun for each group of his animals. Farmer John had: a of geese a of sheep a of cattle a of horses One day a of coyotes tried to attack his animals.
Farmer John yelled and waved a pitchfork to frighten them away. Feminine nouns are words for women and girls, and female animals. Masculine Feminine actor actress brother sister emperor empress father mother gentleman lady grandfather grandmother grandson granddaughter headmaster headmistress man woman master mistress nephew niece prince princess son daughter steward stewardess uncle aunt wizard witch you kn id o Masculine nouns belong to the D w masculine gender.
Feminine nouns belong to the feminine gender. Animal Male Female chicken rooster hen cattle bull cow deer buck doe donkey jack jenny duck drake duck fox fox vixen goose gander goose horse stallion mare lion lion lioness sheep ram ewe tiger tiger tigress you kn id o D Nouns that end in -ess and -ress often belong w?
Masculine Feminine 1 master 2 uncle 3 niece 4 lioness 5 tiger 6 empress 7 husband 8 son 9 mother 10 madam Exercise 2 Fill in each blank with a suitable masculine or feminine noun. Write each word under its correct heading. There are different kinds of pronouns. Personal Pronouns The words I, you, he, she, it, we and they are called personal pronouns. They take the place of nouns and are used as the subject of the verb in a sentence.
My name is David. I am the youngest in the family. This is my father. He is a teacher. This is my mother. She is a lawyer. I have a brother and two sisters. They are Peter, Sharon and Jenny. I have a dog. It is called Lucky. Lucky, you are a good dog. Good morning, children! You may sit down now. My family and I live in a big city.
We have an apartment. They also take the place of nouns. These pronouns are used as the object of the verb in a sentence. I am standing on my head. Look at me. My mother is kind. Everybody likes her. Lisa, I told you to tidy your bed! Sharon and Jenny! Dad is waiting for you! Lucky and I are playing in the park. Dad is watching us. You must not play with the knife.
Give it to me. Pick up your toys and put them away. Baby birds cannot fly. Tom likes riding my bicycle. Mother bird has to feed them. I sometimes lend it to him. The person speaking is called the first person. The first-person pronouns are I or me in the singular and we or us in the plural. The person spoken to is called the second person. The second-person pronoun is you in both singular and plural. The person or animal, or thing spoken about is called the third person.
The third-person pronouns are he or him, she or her, and it in the singular , and they or them in the plural. The word I is always spelled with a capital letter. The pronoun he is used for men and boys, she for women and girls, and it for things and animals. Here is a table to help you. They refer to the person or animal that is the subject of the verb.
I made this cake myself. Be careful with the knife. Michael is looking at himself in the mirror. Susan has hurt herself. Our cat washes itself after each meal. We organized the party all by ourselves. Come in, children, and find yourselves a seat. Baby birds are too young to look after themselves. These pronouns are used to ask questions. Who Whom Who is he talking to?
Whom are you playing with? Who are those people? Whom is he talking to? Which Whose Which of these bags is yours? Whose is this umbrella? Which do you prefer? Whose are these gloves? What are you talking about? What is the time? Whom is used only as the object. For example, you can say: Who are you playing with?
They are showing words. Those are goats. That is a mountain. Those are horses. What are those? We can do better These are sheep. This is my house. You mean you won? This is a hill. These are donkeys. Hello, who is that What is this? Did you drop this? Hello, is that you, Hi, Jane! This is Michael! You use that and those when you point to things farther away. I he it she they you we us her you them me him it Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks with the correct pronouns.
It tells you more about a noun. An adjective usually appears before the noun it describes. Sometimes, though, the adjective appears after the noun, later in the sentence. The sea is rough. All the players are very tall. That problem is too difficult. Peter is very quiet today. Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks with suitable adjectives from the box. Some adjectives end in -ful or -less. For example: careful — careless useful — useless colorful — colorless harmful — harmless The -ful ending means having a lot of something.
Here are some adjectives with the endings -able, -al, -en, -ible, -ish and -ous. Some adjectives describe the qualities of nouns.
They are called adjectives of origin. Please get me some white paint. The sky is gray. The sea is blue. George is wearing brown shoes. Carrots are orange. Flamingos are pink. Eggplants are purple. Your hands are black! Roses are red. For example, you can say: a tall girl a tall bookcase The word high describes bigger or wider objects that reach a great height.
They tell you how many people, animals, or things there are. Sometimes they are called adjectives of quantity. Do you know what kinds of adjectives they are?
In the blanks write C if the underlined words tell you about color, S if they tell you about size, Ql if they tell you about quality, O if they tell you about origin, or Qn if they tell you about the number or quantity of things. Lots of comparative adjectives end in -er. For example, you might say: Jack is taller than John.
A sports car is faster than a motorbike. Lots of superlatives end in -est. For example, you say: Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. Peter is the tallest boy in his class. For example: Comparative Superlative close closer closest large larger largest safe safer safest wide wider widest 4 Some adjectives have only one syllable, end with a consonant, and have a single vowel before the consonant.
With these adjectives, double the last letter before adding —er to form the comparative, and -est to form the superlative. For example: Comparative Superlative big bigger biggest dim dimmer dimmest mad madder maddest sad sadder saddest 4 Some adjectives have two syllables and end in -y.
With these adjectives change the y to i. Then add -er to form the comparative, and -est to form the superlative. Comparative Superlative hard cold soft tall rich mad funny big sad busy noisy Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks with the correct comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives.
They are special adjectives that are used before nouns. The Articles The words a, an and the belong to this group of words called determiners. The words a and an are called indefinite articles. You can use them with singular nouns to talk about any single person or thing. Can you hear a bird singing? This is a picture of an elephant. Rudy is reading a book. Mom bought me a new dress today.
Do you wear a You will need an umbrella when you go out. She eats an apple a day. The article a is used before words beginning with consonants. Use the before a noun when you are talking about a certain person or thing. The telephone is ringing. I think she is under the bed. Tom has won the race. Granny is sitting in the garden. The street is very busy today. The sky is getting dark. The ice is melting.
They are used to tell which thing or person you mean. These words are called demonstrative determiners, or demonstrative adjectives. I am keeping these books. I am selling those books. This ice cream is delicious. How much is that racket? What is that animal? James lives in this house. Bring me that ball. Would you like these apples? You use that and those to point to people or things that are farther from you.
You use this and that before singular nouns. You use these and those before plural nouns. These words are called interrogative determiners or interrrogative adjectives. What size do you wear? What kind of bird is that? What time is it?
What color is her hair? What kind of clothes do you like to wear? Which school do you go to? Which doll is your favorite? Which road leads to the zoo? Which runner is the winner? Do you know which girl won the prize? Use these words before nouns to say who something belongs to. I lent Margaret my guitar. Is this your house? Robert, your handwriting is difficult to read.
The dentist asked Michael is showing his tortoise to his friends. The lion is chasing its prey. Exercise 4 Are the underlined words demonstrative adjectives or demonstrative pronouns? Write DA for demonstrative adjectives or DP for demonstrative pronouns in the blanks.
Exercise 6 Choose the correct interrogative adjectives from the box to fill in the blanks. They tell you what people, animals or things are doing. The sun rises in the east. Uncle Joe wears glasses. Ducks love water. The children go to school by bus. Mary enjoys singing. Peter sometimes lends me his bike. Cows eat grass. Monkeys like bananas.
Tom collects stamps. The earth goes around the sun. It often snows in winter. We always wash our hands before meals. We eat three meals a day. Father takes the dog for a walk every morning. Melanie starts school tomorrow. Next week I go to summer camp. The train departs in five minutes. We join the senior scout troop in July this year. The new supermarket opens next Friday. The new grammar book comes out in September. Grandad retires next year. We fly to London next Thursday. The plane lands at P.
We move to our new house in a month. My big sister begins her summer job next week. Thomas teaches us science. Exercise 2 Fill in the blanks with the simple present tense of the verbs in parentheses. They are the simple present tense of the verb be. Use am with the pronoun I, and is with the pronouns he, she and it. Use are with the pronouns you, we and they.
It is a donkey. It is not a horse. It is very hot today. It is not very comfortable. I am not Paul. She is Miss Lee. Students do not have to wait for longer passages to work with meaning. All end-of-chapter tasks include writing tips and editing checklists. MyEnglishLab: Azar access code in Student Book includes: Extensive grammar practice with more than new interactive exercises for practice in listening, speaking, and reading. Learner support with pop-up notes and grammar charts for easy access to information.
Ongoing assessment, with immediate feedback on practice activities and tests, so students can monitor their own progress. Routledge English Language Introductions cover core areas of language study and are one-stop resources for students. Assuming no prior knowledge, books in the series offer an accessible overview of the subject, with activities, study questions, sample analyses, commentaries and key readings — all in the same volume. The innovative and flexible 'two-dimensional' structure is built around four sections — introduction, development, exploration and extension —which offer self-contained stages for study.
Each topic can also be read across these sections, enabling the reader to build gradually on the knowledge gained. English Grammar: provides a wide-ranging introduction to English grammar, drawing on a variety of international authentic texts, including newspapers, novels and academic texts, to help learners understand concepts and theories in more depth; is written in clear, concise prose in order to present basic concepts and key terms in an accessible way to learners with little or no background in grammar instruction; emphasises the autonomy of the learner through activities and exercises which are suited to both native speakers and learners of English alike; includes a selection of readings from key academics in the field including Michael Halliday, Michael McCarthy, Caroline Coffin and John Sinclair.
Drawing on the strengths of the original textbook, this second edition features: new readings from Christian Jones, Daniel Waller and Thomas E. Payne; revised questions, suggestions and issues to consider; and a brand new companion website featuring interactive audio files of authentic spoken English, links to further reading and new grammar tasks.
Written by an experienced teacher and researcher, this accessible textbook is an essential resource for all students of English language and linguistics. English Grammar: The Basics offers a clear, non-jargonistic introduction to English grammar and its place in society.
The Workbook consists solely of self-study exercises, with answers included, providing students the opportunity to explore and practice grammar independently. It is keyed to explanatory grammar charts in both the Student Book and the Chartbook. Understanding and Using English Grammar is a classic developmental skills text for intermediate to advanced English language learners.
Understanding and Using English Grammar is a classic developmental skills text for intermediate to advanced English learners. It combines a grammar-based approach with carefully sequenced practice to promote the development of all language skills. This Workbook consists of self-study exercises, with the answer key included, providing students with the opportunity to explore and practice grammar independently. It is keyed to the explanatory grammar charts in both the Student Book and the Chartbook.
Looking for an easy-to-use guide to English grammar? This handy introduction covers all the basics of the subject, using a simple and straightforward style. All end-of-chapter tasks include writing tips and editing checklists. MyEnglishLab: Azar access code in Student Book includes: Extensive grammar practice with more than new interactive exercises for practice in listening, speaking, and reading.
Learner support with pop-up notes and grammar charts for easy access to information. Ongoing assessment, with immediate feedback on practice activities and tests, so students can monitor their own progress. Routledge English Language Introductions cover core areas of language study and are one-stop resources for students. Assuming no prior knowledge, books in the series offer an accessible overview of the subject, with activities, study questions, sample analyses, commentaries and key readings — all in the same volume.
The innovative and flexible 'two-dimensional' structure is built around four sections — introduction, development, exploration and extension —which offer self-contained stages for study. Each topic can also be read across these sections, enabling the reader to build gradually on the knowledge gained.
English Grammar: provides a wide-ranging introduction to English grammar, drawing on a variety of international authentic texts, including newspapers, novels and academic texts, to help learners understand concepts and theories in more depth; is written in clear, concise prose in order to present basic concepts and key terms in an accessible way to learners with little or no background in grammar instruction; emphasises the autonomy of the learner through activities and exercises which are suited to both native speakers and learners of English alike; includes a selection of readings from key academics in the field including Michael Halliday, Michael McCarthy, Caroline Coffin and John Sinclair.
Drawing on the strengths of the original textbook, this second edition features: new readings from Christian Jones, Daniel Waller and Thomas E. Payne; revised questions, suggestions and issues to consider; and a brand new companion website featuring interactive audio files of authentic spoken English, links to further reading and new grammar tasks.
Written by an experienced teacher and researcher, this accessible textbook is an essential resource for all students of English language and linguistics. English Grammar: The Basics offers a clear, non-jargonistic introduction to English grammar and its place in society. The Workbook consists solely of self-study exercises, with answers included, providing students the opportunity to explore and practice grammar independently.
It is keyed to explanatory grammar charts in both the Student Book and the Chartbook. Understanding and Using English Grammar is a classic developmental skills text for intermediate to advanced English language learners. Understanding and Using English Grammar is a classic developmental skills text for intermediate to advanced English learners. It combines a grammar-based approach with carefully sequenced practice to promote the development of all language skills.
This Workbook consists of self-study exercises, with the answer key included, providing students with the opportunity to explore and practice grammar independently. It is keyed to the explanatory grammar charts in both the Student Book and the Chartbook.
Looking for an easy-to-use guide to English grammar? This handy introduction covers all the basics of the subject, using a simple and straightforward style. Students will find the book's step-by-step approach easy to follow and be encouraged by its non-technical language. Requiring no prior knowledge of English grammar, the information is presented in small steps, with objective techniques to help readers apply concepts.
With clear explanations and well chosen examples, the book gives students the tools to understand the mysteries of English grammar as well as the perfect foundation from which to move on to more advanced topics.
This is a comprehensive introduction to the grammar and vocabulary of contemporary English covering core areas and providing classic readings by key names in the discipline. This lucentenglish grammar pdf is very important for all Type sarkari exams and Competitive Exams. English grammar notesfor competitive exams pdf: English is one of the very important section ofany type in competitive examinations.
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